Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Huge investments and a long payback period for gas turbines are compelling manufacturers to direct their efforts toward ensuring greater competency in their turbines in terms of efficiency and reliability.
While fuel and operating flexibility, durability, cost, and other value-enhanced features are important, end users base their purchase decisions on three crucial parameters collectively known as RAM - reliability, availability, and maintanability.
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"Efficiency remains the prime concern for gas turbine users because of its impact on electricity costs," says Frost & Sullivan Research Analyst Viswanathan Krishnan. "Newer models must be able to sustain the promised efficiency to allow end users to make a timely return on investment as well as to meet shareholders expectations."
Currently, the efficiency of these systems ranges from 35 to 46 per cent for single cycle and between 57 to 60 per cent for combined cycle operations. Given the increasing oil and volatile electricity prices, companies are likely to focus on increasing the minimum efficiency figures, whereas the upper efficiency limit will remain constant at least for the next five years.
At the same time, original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) need to work toward sustaining the current efficiency figures at all loads. Moreover, any increase in efficiency largely depends on the materials used in the gas turbine components.
While it is possible to increase the efficiency of gas turbines, operating them at higher temperatures require support from the surrounding material components in order to extend the life of these systems. This issue is spurring research on the materials and coatings used in gas turbine components.
Another important aspect that merits consideration among OEMs is the reliability of gas turbines. Since most utilities require constant and regular power supply, OEMs need to strike a fine balance between the reliability and efficiency of gas turbines.
"Although, the newer models of gas turbines offer higher efficiency, they could rank low on the reliability index," notes Krishnan. "Coupled with the high investment costs for gas turbine installations, this would impact the adoption of these systems in the long run."
Meeting stringent environmental regulations for nitrogen oxide (NOx) emission levels prescribed by the governments of various countries has also become a key focus of research activities.
Current gas turbine technologies have shown a good track record with emission levels of less than, or equal to, 25 parts per million (ppm). However, as emission norms get tougher every year, the goal of market participants is to achieve less than 15 ppm by 2020 and sustaining this level at all loads.
OEMs are turning to methods such as diluent injection, lean premixed combustion, catalytic reduction, selective catalytic reduction, carbon monoxide oxidation catalysts, and catalytic absorption systems to reduce NOx emissions.
Pioneering efforts by teams at Precision Combustion Inc, USA, Honeywell, Texas A&M University, and Vericor Power Systems in achieving NOx levels as low as 3 ppm using the rich/lean catalytic combustion approach is a positive indicator for OEMs to meet future emission standards.
Developments in Gas Turbine Technologies is part of the Energy & Power subscription and analyzes the latest trends and advances in gas turbine technologies. In addition to identifying key technology drivers and industry challenges, the study also analyzes important research efforts across organizations and universities. Executive summaries and analyst interviews are available to the press.
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Developments in Gas Turbine Technologies
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Shwetha Thomas, Frost & Sullivan, +91 (022) 4001 3429 sthomas@frost.com
Samantha Unnikrishnan, Frost & Sullivan, +91 (044) 4204 4667 sunnikrishnan@frost.com
Source: Frost & Sullivan (Business Wire India)
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